The purpose of a catheter is to remove urine from the body so that it does not collect in unsafe levels in the body, since urine is a type of waste.
If someone is unable to consciously control their bladder, they are in capable of "holding" in their urine.
Clamping the catheter would simulate the bladder naturally filling up & get the patient used to the sensation of it. Releasing the clamp at certain intervals would simulate when the patient would relieve themselves.
Simulating normal urination behavior is important in bladder training.
Hope this helps!