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When Prophase is occur, during this stage, changes occur both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Within the nucleus, the chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled and folded, forming discrete chromosomes that can be seen with the light microscope. The nucleoli disappear. Each duplicated chromosome appears as two sister chromatids joined together, with a narrow waist at the centromere.In the cytoplasm, the mitotic spindle begins to form as microtubules rapidly grow out from the centrosomes which begin to move away from each other.
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Chromatin material is tightly coiled during prophase and they appear like threads having length of 0.25 micrometer to 50 micrometer.

Further details

Chromatin

During mitosis thread like tiny network which is visible only under microscope is called chromatin.

Prophase

It is first stage of mitosis and meiosis in this phase chromatin material get tightly coiled and nucleolus disappears. This phase starts just after interphase.

Mitotic prophase

In animal cells it is very first stage and in plant cells it is 2nd stage. In mitotic prophase chromosomes get condensed, Centromere moves away from each other, mitotic spindle forms and nucleoli disappears.

Meiotic prophase

It comprises two stages

1. Prophase I

2. Prophase II

Prophase II is similar to the mitotic prophase. While prophase I is different from prophase II and is also called prolonged phase or lengthy phase. Chromosomes are in form of pair in each diploid cell one from each parent. G2 phase is absent in prophase I of meiosis. Prophase I is subdivided into following stages given below

1. Leptotetene (chromosome visible)

2. Zygotene (pairing of chromosomes starts)

3. Pachytene (pairing is completed)

4. Diplotene (paired chromosomes start separation)

5. Diakinesis (separation completes which was started in diplotene stage)

Answer details

Subject: Biology

Level: High school

Key words

• Chromatin

• Prophase

• Mitotic prophase

• Meiotic prophase

• Prophase I

• Prophase II

• Leptotetene  

• Zygotene

• Pachytene  

• Diplotene  

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