During World War II, Sweden maintained its policy of neutrality. Despite the chaos unfolding around it, Sweden managed to avoid direct involvement in the conflict. Let’s delve into the historical context and explore the intriguing relationship between Sweden, Norway, and the border they share.
Geopolitical Neighbors:
At the outbreak of hostilities in September 1939, Sweden had already held a neutral stance in international relations for over a century, dating back to the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1814.
Norway, too, declared neutrality at the war’s onset. However, its fate took a different turn.
German Invasion of Norway:
On April 9, 1940, Germany launched a surprise attack on both Denmark and Norway.
The Swedish soldiers deployed along the Finnish border in northern Sweden were in the process of being demobilized due to the end of the Winter War with Finland.
Norway suffered defeat and endured five years of Nazi occupation, while Sweden managed to retain its sovereignty.
Sweden’s Role During World War II:
Sweden maintained official neutrality throughout the war, but it made some concessions.
It allowed the Wehrmacht (German armed forces) to use Swedish railways to transport troops and heavy weapons from Norway to Finland during the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
German soldiers traveling on leave between Norway and Germany were permitted passage through Sweden (the so-called permittenttrafik).
Iron ore was sold to Germany during the war, and Germany owned several mines in Sweden.
For the Allies, Sweden shared military intelligence and assisted in training soldiers from Denmark and Norway for their eventual liberation efforts.
Swedish airbases were also used by the Allies between 1944 and 1945.
Norwegian Refugees and the Border:
When Norway was occupied by Germany, many Norwegians sought refuge in Sweden.
The Norway–Sweden border, stretching over 1,630 kilometers, became a lifeline for these refugees.
Significant resources were allocated to the Swedish rural police districts responsible for receiving and assisting the refugees.
In summary, while Sweden remained neutral, it played a crucial role in providing a safe haven for those affected by the war, including Norwegian refugees seeking escape from the Nazi occupation. The Amlarden or border checkpoint fences served as a gateway to safety for many during those tumultuous times.
