The correct option is: "Cavour was able to strengthen alliances critical to northern Italian unification while Garibaldi unified the people of the south."
The Unification of Italy was the historical process that throughout the nineteenth century led to the union of the various states in which the Italian peninsula was divided, mostly linked to dynasties considered "non-Italian" as the Habsburgs or the Bourbons .
The process of Italian unification is summarized as follows: at the beginning of the 19th century the Italic peninsula was composed of several states (Lombardy, under Austrian rule, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Piedmont, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, among others), what responded more to a feudal conception of the territory than to a project of a bourgeois liberal state. After several attempts of unification between 1821 and 1849, which were crushed mainly by the Austrian government and its allies, the skilful policy of the Count of Cavour, minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, managed to interest the French emperor Napoleon III in the territorial unification of the peninsula, which consisted in expelling the Austrians from the north and creating an Italian confederation.
In the second phase the union of the south was achieved when Garibaldi, dissatisfied with the treaty between Cavour and Napoleon, went to Sicily with the red shirts, conquering it and refusing to give it to the Piedmontese; from there he occupied Calabria and conquered Naples. In 1860 the Piedmontese troops arrived at the Neapolitan border. Garibaldi, who sought Italian unity, handed over the conquered territories to Victor Emmanuel II. Through plebiscites, Naples, Sicily and most of the Papal States joined the Kingdom of Sardinia, ruled by Victor Emmanuel II, who became in 1861, with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy as sovereign of the new state.
