When the flaps are extended upon departing or during icing conditions, buffeting or vibrations are likely signs of a developing tailplane stall.
Ice can alter the airflow over the wing, decreasing the maximum lift of the wing, lowering the angle of attack for maximum lift, negatively impacting the flight characteristics of the airplane, and considerably increasing drag. The performance of wings with small levels of ice on their surface often suffers less than wings with bigger concentrations. Usually, an airplane's tail surfaces will develop ice more quickly than its wings or other surfaces. The tail can accumulate proportionately two to three times more ice than the wings in the same amount of time because it has a smaller leading-edge radius and chord length than the wings.
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