Ignoring resistance, a sailboat starting from rest accelerates (dv/dt) at a rate proportional to the difference between the velocities of the wind and the boat. (a) The wind is blowing at 20 knots, and after 1 half-hour, the boat is moving at 10 knots. Write the velocity v as a function of time t. (b) Use the result of part (a) to write the distance traveled by the boat as a function of time.

Acceleration is a vector quantity that is defined as the rate at which an object's velocity varies. When an object's velocity changes, it is said to be accelerating.

On occasion, sports broadcasters will suggest that a person is accelerating if they are traveling quickly. But speed has nothing to do with acceleration. Even while traveling very quickly, a person may not be accelerating. Changing the speed at which an item is travelling is what acceleration is all about. A substance is not accelerating if its velocity is not changing. The information on the right depicts an object that is speeding as it moves northward. Throughout time, the velocity is shifting. Every second, the velocity is changing by a fixed amount of 10 m/s.

How to solve?

Based on the information from the exercise, we have the equation:

dt/dv=k(Vw−V)

where V is velocity of the boat in knots/hour, tt is time in hours, Vw is velocity of wind.

This equation can be written:

dv/dt = k(Vw -V)

dv/Vw-V =kdt

Now, the variables are separated, tt appears only on the right side, and v only on the left. Integrate the left side in relation to v, and the right side in relation to t:

dv/Vw-V =kdt

∫dv/Vw-V =∫kdt

let Vw -V = u

-dv=du

dv= -du

∫-du/u =k∫dt

-ln|u| =kt +C

-ln|Vw-V| = kt + C

V=Vw-ce^-kt

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