Respuesta :
The flow of sodium and potassium ions across the typical nerve cell membrane happens during action potentials, or spikes.
Define action potential.
Action potentials, those electrical impulses that travel throughout your body, are nothing more than a brief change in the membrane potential of the neuron brought on by ions that are suddenly flowing into and out of the cell.
The three phases of an action potential are depolarization, overshoot, and repolarization.
The process of bringing the membrane potential first up to the threshold potential is known as hypopolarization. A substantial inflow of sodium ions results from the threshold potential opening voltage-gated sodium channels. Depolarization is the name given to this stage. Depolarization causes the inside of the cell to become increasingly electropositive as the voltage approaches the electrochemical equilibrium for sodium, which is +61 mV. The overshoot phase is this period of very high optimism.
Following the overshoot, the sodium permeability abruptly drops as its channels close. The overshoot value of the cell potential activates voltage-gated potassium channels, leading to a significant potassium efflux and a reduction in the electropositivity of the cell. Repolarization is the current phase, which works to return the resting membrane potential. Every time repolarization occurs, hyperpolarization—a condition in which the membrane potential is more negative than the baseline membrane potential—occurs first. But shortly after, the membrane sets the values of membrane potential once more.
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