Recent metagenomic investigations reveal that human microbial flora is extremely diverse and is best described as vital to our survival.
The human intestinal microbiota is responsible for many vital processes that have an impact on human health, such as the metabolism of dietary substrate, defense against pathogen invasion, control of the immune system, and provision of a reservoir of antibiotic-resistance genes that pathogens can access.
The creation of novel molecular, microbiological, and genomic methods has been made necessary by the complexity of this microbial community, its resistance to conventional cultivation, and the enormous diversity of its encoded genes.
Functional metagenomics is one such culture-independent method that has been employed recently to research the human commensal microbiota after being utilized for decades to study environmental bacteria.
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