The elongation of fatty acids is a repetition of three reactions adding carbons from malonyl ACP after each cycle until completion.
In eukaryotes, enzymes on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane catalyze elongation processes that result in longer fatty acids. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl CoA substrates undergo these reactions, which successively add two-carbon units to the carboxyl terminals.
The two-carbon donor in the elongation of fatty acyl CoA is malonyl CoA. Once more, malonyl CoA is decarboxylated to produce condensation.
Usually, a compound's biosynthetic reaction pathway is not only the reverse of its breakdown. The acetyl group of acetyl CoA provides all the additional carbons, but only after it has been changed to offer the real substrate for fatty acid.
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