12. Bias is present in each of the following sample designs. In each case, identify the type of bias involved and state whether you think the sample proportion obtained is higher or lower than the true population proportion.

a) A political pollster is seeking information on public attitudes toward funding of adult art by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). He asks an SRS of 2000 U.S. adults, "Rather than support government censorship of artistic expression, are you in favor of continuing federal funding of artists whose work may be controversial?" 85% of those surveyed answer "yes."

b) In 2003, the AARP conducted a survey of their members (people over age 50 who pay membership dues) on proposed Medicare legislation. One of the questions was: "Even if this plan won't affect you personally either way, do you think it should be passed so that people with low incomes or people with high drug costs can be helped?" 75% of respondents answered yes.

B) The type of Bias that occurs here is called the Undercoverage bias. The true population proportion will probably be lower than the true proportion

What is the type of bias in the sample?

A) The type of bias present here is called Wording Bias: This is as a result of the wording of the question being poor. Reference to government

censorship will result in more respondents in favor of the other position (continuing federal funding for artists whose work is controversial). The sample proportion is higher that the population proportion.

B) The type of Bias that occurs here is called the Undercoverage bias. This is because the survey is only given to people over 50, and as such the questions will not be answered by the young, the unemployed or the homeless. The sample proportion will reflect the views of the retired and those wealthier than average, rather than the true population proportion and therefore will probably be lower than the true proportion

Read more about Sample bias at; https://brainly.com/question/4540984

#SPJ1