Enzymatic activity is the highest when the temperature is at its optimum point. Below this level, enzyme activity increases exponentially. Over this level, the enzyme denaturalizes.
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules. They need to keep their tridimensional structure to accomplish their functions.
There is a limited temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
Concerning temperature, its increase accelerates chemical reactions. For every 10ºC of temperature increase, the reaction velocity duplicates. At this point the curve shows exponential growth.
The optimum temperature is the maximum temperature point at which the enzyme achieves its highest activity level.
⇒ If the environmental temperature is below the optimum temperature point, enzymatic activity keeps increasing.
⇒ When the temperature exceeds the optimum point, the enzymatic activity sharply decreases. It denaturalizes the enzyme.
Over this level, the reaction velocity is counteracted by the loss of the catalytic activity due to denaturalization.
Enzymatic activity decreases until it completely annulates.
In the attached files you will find a graph explaining how temperature affects enzyme activity.
- Y ax ⇒ enzyme activity
- X ax ⇒ temperature
- (1) ⇒ enzyme activity exponential growth
- (2) ⇒ highest enzymatic activity level. Optimum temperature.
- (3) ⇒ enzyme denaturalization. Sharp decrease in enzymatic activity.
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