Deinstitutionalization was the movement of mentally ill individuals out of large state-run psychiatric hospitals.
The reasons for the problems created by deinstitutionalization have only recently become clear; they include a lack of consensus about the movement, no real testing of its philosophic bases, the lack of planning for alternative facilities and services (especially for a population with notable social and cognitive deficits), and the inadequacies of the mental health delivery system in general.
One of the most devastating consequences of deinstitutionalization has been homelessness. At any given time, about 25% of homeless individuals have a severe mental illness, despite only about 2% of the general population of Americans meeting the criteria for diseases like schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.
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