With indirect observation, the researcher observes the effects or results of the behavior rather than the behavior itself.
Analysis of textual information produced either directly from narratives or indirectly from transcriptions of verbal activity in natural contexts (such as conversation or group debates) is known as indirect observation (e.g., letters of complaint, tweets, forum posts).
In contrast to direct observation, indirect observation focuses on the outcomes or repercussions of an activity rather than the behaviour itself. The term "indirect observation" refers to observation that occurs in artificial, unnatural environments. An abnormal environment could include laboratory observations, watching videos or looking at pictures, etc.
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