In philosophy, episteme (romanized: epistēmē, lit. 'science, knowledge) is a term that refers to a principle system of understanding (i.e., knowledge), such as scientific knowledge or practical knowledge. The term comes from the Ancient Greek epístamai, meaning 'to know, to understand, to be acquainted with'. The term epistemology (the branch of philosophy concerning knowledge) is derived from episteme.
The names for epistemes that were underpinned in early European scholarly research starting in the 1600s were naturalism, rationalism, and empiricism.
Plato contrasts episteme with doxa: common belief or opinion. The term episteme is also distinguished from techne: a craft or applied practice.
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