An acellular entity made up of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as viroid.
RNA is a complex high-molecular weight molecule that participates in cellular protein production and, in some viruses, replaces DNA as a carrier of genetic instructions.
Viroids are nucleic acid species with a unique structure and low molecular weight that cause a variety of illnesses in cultivated plants. Certain animal and human diseases may be caused by similar nucleic acid species. Viroids are the tiniest known infectious disease agents.
Viroids, unlike viral nucleic acids, are not encapsulated. Viroids multiply autonomously in cells of sensitive plant species, despite their small size.
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