Answer:
3.
a. claim of fact
b. claim of policy
c. claim of value
d. claim of value
e. claim of policy
Explanation:
3.
a. This is a claim of fact because there are available (factual) data that back that statement.
b. This is a claim because the speaker is directing attention to what needs to done policywise to solve the problem they observed in public schools.
c. The expression here shows the speaker's personal values about the environment.
d. The expression here also shows the speaker's personal values about the environment.
e. The expression "people be allowed" shows that the statement is one of policy. What the speaker feels should be done policywise on the subject.
4. Here's a point to note about your topic of choice: