Answer:
The examples of induced mutations are:
a. Nitrous acid causes the deamination of adenine to hypoxanthine
d. Ionizing radiation causes chromosomal fragmentation
Explanation:
Induced mutations are done by breeders to produce crops with required or desirable traits.
Induced mutation through chemical means can be done by introducing chemical mutagens like nitrous acid. Generally, nitrous acid has the capability to deaminate the nitrogenous bases and also to replace its amino group by a keto group.
So when nitrous acid is added to:
Ionizing radiations using gamma radiations is a type of spontaneous induced mutation which induces genetic variability by causing chromosomal fragmentation and instability.