Explanation:
1. What is the role of cells in organisms?
Eukaryotic cells have specialized mechanisms to transport molecules along with membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum that provide a higher surface area for absorption and enable more efficient transportation.
Their structural components (i.e. their makeup) determine their function (what they do) . For instance, photosynthesizing cells in algae and plants have structures called chloroplasts. These contain chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates. In specific cell types, collected proteins may function as a unit called an organelle. Some organelles are bound by membranes like those that make up the external structure of the cell, with varying compositions of phospholipids and proteins.
2. What is the difference between light microscopy and electron microscopy?
Microscopes are instruments used for viewing microscopic cellular structures, not visible with the human eye. With an arrangement of lenses, and manipulation of light or electrons, these magnify very small objects. Light microscopy uses light and multiple lenses, while electron microscopes use electrons. These create larger images of objects.
While light microscopes with a resolution power of 0.2 um can view objects at a magnification x1000, electron microscopes are capable of a much smaller resolution at 0.5 nm and magnification of x100,000.
3. Describe the size of objects able to be observed in light microscopes.
The wavelengths of light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light is between 390 nm and 760 nm,) are manipulated in light microscopy. The visible light is passed through the biological sample where it bends, as it travels through multiple lenses. This is often usable on live organisms. Thus the observer can look at cells as they undergo division or locomotion. Resolution describes the shortest distance, where two objects are still visible as distinct bodies. With light microscopes, one may view objects between a millimeter (10^-3 m) and a fraction of a micrometer at 0.2 thousands of a millimetre or 2 x 10^-7 m.
4. Describe the size of objects able to be observed in electron microscopes.
Unlike light microscopy, electron microscopy involves the manipulation of electrons through the apparatus, under a vacuum. As the beams of electrons have shorter wavelengths than light particles, the images produced have higher resolution and can be seen more clearly. The sample is meticulously prepared, and is typically not made up of live cells; EM can be used in viewing subcellular components, such as organelles and can view structures as small as atoms at 1/10 000 000 of a millimeter, 10^-10 m.
5. What units are cells usually measures in and why?
A unit is a form of measurement of an object. With light microscopy, one may view objects between a millimeter (10^-3 m) and a fraction of a micrometer at 0.2 thousands of a millimeter or 2 x 10^-7 m while electron microscopes can view structures as small as atoms at 1/10 000 000 of a millimeter, 10^-10 m. Typically, since microbes are an average of 1 micrometer (1 um) in length, micrometers are the unit used in cell measurements.
6. What is the cell theory?
Biology's unifying principle states that cells are the basic units of biological organisms. Cells sharing a similar origin, group together in the body to form tissues; these typically share physical features and are arranged in regular patterns. All living things, grow, respire, reproduce etc. these processes are carried out by cells, which are thus integral to their survival.
7. How do microscopes help to provide evidence for the cell theory?
Before the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke in 1665 with a simple microscope, many scientists had long believed that life of rose spontaneously over extended periods of time. Circa 1668 Francesco Redi, challenged the idea of spontaneous generation of maggots from rotting meat by placing meat in various sealed open, partially sealed and sealed containers. Sealed containers did not show the presence of maggots, and he theorized that these were likely from eggs laid on the meat by flies. This was the development of the theory of abiogenesis (cells arise from other living cells); this eventually proved the unifying principle we know today.
Cell theory states that living things are comprised of cells, as their smallest units capable of functioning. Microscopy helps to prove this, as cells and their components can readily be seen and observed. Their components and molecules require the closed system of the cell in order to function.
Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903
Learn more about tissue types at brainly.com/question/8487952
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