Which of the following reflects a consequence of the policy of glasnost in the Soviet Union not intended by the leadership in Moscow?

a. Leaders of nationalist movements accused the Soviet leadership of treating non-Russian areas as colonies to be exploited.
b. Private entrepreneurial activity reinvigorated the stagnant Soviet economy and resulted in an industrial revolution.
c. The aging conservative establishment of the Soviet Communist Party was strengthened by strong popular support.
d. The Soviet model of communism gained worldwide acceptance and was adopted by even noncommunist countries.