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During the Civil War The Union Army fought for nearly two months to capture the southern city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. In 1863 the Union´s capture of Port Hudson and the Confederate´s surrender at Vicksburg divided the Confederacy
This is one of the turning points of the Civil War.
The success of The Battle of Vicksburg was significant because it allowed the Union Army to take control of the Mississippi River from the Confederacy. The Mississippi allowed the Confederates to sell their goods and move their soldiers up and down the river as well as served as a hugely important economic and military lifeline through the river´s seaports throughout the South. Without this crucial aid, the South was gravely limited in its ability to continue fighting.
The answer was when Major General Gardner learned that Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, 1863, he realized that the situation was hopeless and that nothing could be gained by continuing. Conditions of surrender were negotiated, and on July 9, 1863, the Confederates laid down their weapons, ending 48 days of continuous fighting. It was the longest siege in US military history.
Further Explanation
The Second Battle of Charleston Harbor, also known as Siege of Charleston Harbor, Siege of Fort Wagner, or Battle of Morris Island, occurred during the United States Civil War at the end of the summer of 1863 between the combined forces of the United States Army and the Confederate defense in Charleston, South Carolina.
Background of the Port Hudson Siege
1. Strategy and politics in Mississippi
The map shows Louisiana and Mississippi lower than that during the Civil War. This map was printed by the Government printing office in 1904 as part of the Official Records of the Union and the Confederate Navy. Since the American Civil War began in April 1861, both the US and the Confederacy have made control of the Mississippi River a major part of their strategy. Confederates want to keep using the river to transport the needed supplies; The Union wants to stop this supply route and push for slices that will divide the states and territories of the Confederacy. Very important for the South is the stretch of Mississippi that covers the mouth of the Red River.
2. The foundation of a fortress
Port Hudson is located on a 24-meter cliff on the east bank above alternating flops on the Mississippi River, 25 miles (40 km) upriver from Baton Rouge. The hills and mountains in the city area are very rough terrain, deep mazes, dense forests, swamps, and brake sticks create natural fortresses. The city is a port for the delivery of cotton and sugar downstream from the surrounding area. Despite its importance, the city only had a few buildings and 200 people at the beginning of the war. The river has shifted south and the dock has been moved about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south.
3. Union Navy assesses defense
General Ruggles was ordered to surrender Port Hudson's order to Brigadier General William Nelson Rector Beall on August 29, 1862, and bring some of his troops to Mississippi. This is the day when the Union Navy began fighting over Port Hudson's weapons to take over Mississippi. The USS Anglo-American Union cannon ship, a wooden wheeled ship, passed Port Hudson moving upstream to join the fleet of Commander David Dixon Porter in Vicksburg. Even though it was attacked many times by shots from Port Hudson, it was unable to return fire because of the wet cartridge and lack of ammunition.
4. Change command
Lincoln's new commander in the Gulf, Nathaniel P. Banks, arrived in New Orleans on December 14, 1862, with 31,000 expeditions. Former commander Benjamin Butler left for Lowell, Massachusetts on December 24, but 12,000 of his troops remained behind. This effectively more than doubled the strength of US forces in the Gulf region. The bank ordered them to reoccupy Baton Rouge on December 17.
5. The Farragut fleet opposes Port Hudson
Farragut had gathered the strength of his attack on March 13, 1863. The fleet consisted of four main warships and three warships. The main warships are the USS Hartford submarine, USS Richmond, and USS Monongahela and the USS Mississippi steamship. The warships are USS Albatross, USS Genesee, and USS Kineo. Farragut ordered this fleet from its flagship ship, Hartford. The first six ships were bound together in a paired attack column, with Mississippi carrying the rear alone.
6. Bank forces move against the fortress
After the naval attack, Banks withdrew 17,000 troops he intended as a diversion to support the Farragut returning to Baton Rouge. The lack of attacks on Port Hudson and the strong rainstorms that survived at the retreat lowered the morale of Union forces. In addition to sporadic sea bombing at Port Hudson, Banks, under pressure from Washington to show progress, launched a campaign against Major General Taylor's Confederate forces in western Louisiana and seized control of Alexandria and a beachhead on the Red River. What ultimately led him to lead a direct attack on Port Hudson was the prospect of reinforcements from Grant's army prepared against Vicksburg, and news that most of the Port Hudson garrison had been sent to Pemberton in Vicksburg.
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The Second Battle of Charleston Harbor https://brainly.com/question/11659038
Background of the Port Hudson Siege https://brainly.com/question/11659038
Details
Grade: College
Subject: Social studies
keywords: The Second Battle of Charleston Harbor, The Port Hudson Siege
